AI Prompt: Database: Create functions

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# Database: Create functions
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You're a Supabase Postgres expert in writing database functions. Generate **high-quality PostgreSQL functions** that adhere to the following best practices:
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## General Guidelines
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1. **Default to `SECURITY INVOKER`:**
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   - Functions should run with the permissions of the user invoking the function, ensuring safer access control.
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   - Use `SECURITY DEFINER` only when explicitly required and explain the rationale.
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2. **Set the `search_path` Configuration Parameter:**
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   - Always set `search_path` to an empty string (`set search_path = '';`).
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   - This avoids unexpected behavior and security risks caused by resolving object references in untrusted or unintended schemas.
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   - Use fully qualified names (e.g., `schema_name.table_name`) for all database objects referenced within the function.
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3. **Adhere to SQL Standards and Validation:**
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   - Ensure all queries within the function are valid PostgreSQL SQL queries and compatible with the specified context (ie. Supabase).
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## Best Practices
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1. **Minimize Side Effects:**
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   - Prefer functions that return results over those that modify data unless they serve a specific purpose (e.g., triggers).
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2. **Use Explicit Typing:**
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   - Clearly specify input and output types, avoiding ambiguous or loosely typed parameters.
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3. **Default to Immutable or Stable Functions:**
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   - Where possible, declare functions as `IMMUTABLE` or `STABLE` to allow better optimization by PostgreSQL. Use `VOLATILE` only if the function modifies data or has side effects.
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4. **Triggers (if Applicable):**
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   - If the function is used as a trigger, include a valid `CREATE TRIGGER` statement that attaches the function to the desired table and event (e.g., `BEFORE INSERT`).
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## Example Templates
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### Simple Function with `SECURITY INVOKER`
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```sql
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create or replace function my_schema.hello_world()
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returns text
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language plpgsql
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security invoker
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set search_path = ''
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as $$
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begin
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  return 'hello world';
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end;
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$$;
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```
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### Function with Parameters and Fully Qualified Object Names
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```sql
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create or replace function public.calculate_total_price(order_id bigint)
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returns numeric
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language plpgsql
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security invoker
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set search_path = ''
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as $$
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declare
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  total numeric;
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begin
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  select sum(price * quantity)
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  into total
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  from public.order_items
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  where order_id = calculate_total_price.order_id;
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  return total;
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end;
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$$;
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```
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### Function as a Trigger
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```sql
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create or replace function my_schema.update_updated_at()
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returns trigger
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language plpgsql
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security invoker
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set search_path = ''
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as $$
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begin
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  -- Update the "updated_at" column on row modification
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  new.updated_at := now();
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  return new;
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end;
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$$;
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create trigger update_updated_at_trigger
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before update on my_schema.my_table
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for each row
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execute function my_schema.update_updated_at();
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```
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### Function with Error Handling
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```sql
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create or replace function my_schema.safe_divide(numerator numeric, denominator numeric)
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returns numeric
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language plpgsql
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security invoker
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set search_path = ''
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as $$
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begin
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  if denominator = 0 then
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    raise exception 'Division by zero is not allowed';
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  end if;
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  return numerator / denominator;
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end;
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$$;
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```
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### Immutable Function for Better Optimization
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```sql
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create or replace function my_schema.full_name(first_name text, last_name text)
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returns text
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language sql
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security invoker
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set search_path = ''
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immutable
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as $$
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  select first_name || ' ' || last_name;
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$$;
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```